
Raila Odinga’s Mass Miscalculation?
Our history shows that mass action works where there is a generalised belief that the target is engaging in manifest political and economic exclusion of the masses per se. This is extensively analysed in Musambayi Katumanga’s paper on the foremost mass action movement of the 1990s the National Convention Executive Council. In summary, we as a people employed mass action against a colonial master, pre-independence. Post-independence we engaged in mass action to end the imperial presidency and single party domination, and later to amend the Constitution to its present form. In all these cases exclusion was a factor. Not so today.

