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Rasna Warah (1962-11 January 2025), editor, columnist, and author, was a prolific contributor to Debunk from 2022 to 2024. In respect, admiration and camaraderie, Debunk presents an archive of her pieces for the Public Square section.
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The Impending Political Deal, a Struggling Economy and a Disaffected Populace
So, assuming that Azimio la Umoja One Kenya can sustain either the Bomas of Kenya Talks or yet another wave of protests, what is the end game really? Kenya’s history shows that the prize is likely to be an elite compromise by which a power sharing arrangement of some form or shape may be struck. William Ruto has said he will never do it, and Raila Odinga has said he doesn’t want it, but this is what is going to happen. There is no other way for the two protagonists to walk away satisfied. The status quo ante bellum is such that their hands are tied; they are in the same boat.

A Case for the Pursuit of Peace in the DRCongo
The people of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) surely


Detention of Patients Pending Payment of Bills is Unconstitutional
In passing the Constitution of Kenya 2010, Kenyans dreamt of a document that would correct the injustices of the past and build a new Republic which puts the vulnerable and downtrodden (Hohehahe) at the center of statehood and not the periphery.

Kenya’s Urgent Need For Political Hygiene
A permanent campaign mode; political parties that are used as

Mischief And Intrigue Behind IEBC Selection Panel
“I consider it completely unimportant who in the party will

Should Retired Presidents Be Barred From Politics?
“I need to retire from retirement.” Sandra Day O’Connor A


I’ll never forget her empathy
I didn’t know Rasna Warah personally, but our sole interaction

The Case Against Private Conservancies, and Dissolution of Parliament
The totem of private property was raised early after independence. Vast farms and ranches were transferred to our new elite, together with the large populations of wildlife upon them. Near where I live there are still a few multi-thousand-acre private wildlife sanctuary ranches. But development is winnowing the animal numbers at an alarming rate. One used to encounter zebra on my road every day. That’s a rumour today.

Mukumu Girls Tragedy: A Wake Up Call
The tragic happenings at Mukumu Girls and Butere Boys schools

Allow Yourself To Be Bad At Things
I was only two days in, too early in the game for me to land a jab with any precision, let alone successfully block any attacks. Giving up this early would mean I didn’t really have to suffer the indignity of failure because I wouldn’t have given boxing any real chance. I could then tick it off my list as one more thing that’s “just not for me”. Like swimming. Or learning French. Or what sometimes I want to do with writing.

Sticky Presidential Pardons, and A Call for the Pardoning of Dedan Kimathi and Others
Just over a month ago, it came to light that President William Ruto has, on the advice of the Advisory Committee on the Power of Mercy, freed 5,058 petty convicts, commuted sentences for death row prisoners to life imprisonment, and pardoned 37 convicts including Dr. Davy Koech, once famous for his attempt in the 1980s to find an AIDS cure, but recently notorious for mismanagement of the Kenya Medical Research Institute (KeMRI). For obvious reasons, the July 2023 Presidential Pardon List has been added to the ever increasing number of complaints about President Ruto’s use of executive power, daily compiled by his opponents, as if he had usurped the prerogative of mercy for himself.

Azimio Protests And The Concept Of Stochastic Terrorism
Watching the mother-of-all-protests and Raila Odinga’s cavalcade traverse Nairobi the other day, I learned a new phrase. Stochastic terrorism is observed where a charismatic leader uses mass media as a platform to incite violence, while simultaneously disclaiming responsibility for the violence. Carefully choosing his words he (the leader) – for it is invariably a ‘he’ – identifies a population that he can manipulate, groom if you like, over time, and prime them with a steady stream of conspiracy theory, slogans and identifier labels. The labels concretise groupthink. Them against us. Us against them. Us against him. You get my drift.

Azimio’s Post-Election Slander Could End Badly
The limits of free speech and political propaganda have just been made clearer in the United States where Dominion, a vote machine manufacturer has just settled a defamation suit against Fox News for over 106 billion Kenya shillings. Since former American President Donald Trump’s electoral defeat in 2020 Fox News had become a redoubt from where his baseless and fraudulent claims were trumpeted. Signaling how weak its case, and Trump’s claims were, the staggering figure Fox News has agreed to pay is actually half of the damages claimed by Dominion. The case was settled on the first day of trial.


Go well, Rasna Warah
No account in regards to Kenyan letters and writing can

Her work says we are possible, we are worthy
Rasna Warah was a bold African writer. I purposefully don’t

Are Political Rallies The Only Way?
“It is important to expose yourself to ideas you don’t

The World Cup Of Corruption
The World Cup is the football tournament I gladly set

The great digital detox? You don’t need it.
I am growing a bunch of vegetables on my balcony. They share a big horizontal ceramic planter; onions and tomatoes and spinach and cabbage and lettuce growing side by side with varying degrees of success. Co-planting, they call it, and it’s supposed to be good for soil health and pest control. Four weeks in, the onions have aphids, the spinach and cabbage appear stunted and the tomatoes wilt every noon under the merciless glare of the Nairobi sun.

So Long, Lorna
Lorna raised a generation of us in the school that was her life, showing us time and again that we are more than our physical condition.

How Political Comedy Derailed The GMO Debate
An interesting thing happened in February. An organisation called the

Finding and Losing Rasna Warah
Rasna Warah and her writing impacted generations. This is what she meant to Debunk.

Burying The Corpse That Is Kenya’s Death Penalty
“The state is not God. It has no right to

Death, Taxes and Dynastic Vendetta Politics
Did you know that Kenya’s Parliament exempted our first two

Why I Believe ‘The IEBC Whistleblower’ Is Fake News
Kileleshwa MCA Robert Alai and a few social media influencers

Cecilia Makiwane: In Memory of Africa’s First Nurse
Cecilia’s title as a nurse paved the way for many other African women who followed suit.

For Women Who Love The World Cup
A riot of colorful hats and flags, exuberant dancing, and

Show Me Your Friends
Remember those multiple choice questions in school? Here is one

Degrees and the Degree of Uheshimiwa in Kenya
It must be remembered that vying to be a mheshimiwa is a political right secured under the CoK 2010 (Article 38). As has been shown above, less than four per cent (4%) of Kenyans have university degrees. This number is not expected to exponentially rise in the near future, considering the rising cost of university education.

Fact-checking Can’t Wait Till The Next Election
Never before has fact-checking been more popular on the African

No Escaping the Israel-America-Iran War
I feel as if we are in a slow-motion crash in which we can see what’s coming, but are already in “mid-flight” and cannot do anything to stop it.
Yes, I am talking about the war in the Middle East in which the United States and Israel first attacked Iran on February 28 and now 11 countries are under attack, whether in a one-off strike or daily bombing, and the global economy, again, is on edge.

What Have Dreadlocks Got To Do With It?
“Imagine a lawyer or doctor with dreadlocks.” – Peter Kaluma, MP
Solo Travel Can Be Difficult. Do It Anyway
I’m writing to you from a chilly Japan today. I

Adios Twitter Check Mark
On 20 April 2023, Twitter’s new owner Elon Musk retired

The Perils of Today’s Consumer (With Lesser Rights?)
One change that still seems far from Kenya is the cashier-less supermarket, where money leaves your account as you walk out of the store. Of course, cashier-less services such as Amazon Go are only ever possible because of all the personal data that is continuously collected. Security of the data and privacy are obviously concerning, but its seamlessness makes it very alluring.

Pen on in eternal power!
Although I never got to meet Rasna Warah in person,


My Mother Told Me: Why Everyday Is Mother’s Day
Girls and their mothers are supposed to have a special bond and though ours is not perfect, I can say I’m definitely one of the lucky ones. More than anyone else in this world my mother has definitely been integral in the formation of my identity. She gave me my name and my frame and I can’t wait to see how our journey together evolves from here.

Parliament Should Publish All Its Voting Records
Parliament, in particular, continues to hold back information from the public regarding its operations. Recently in the Senate, the Azimio La Umoja One Kenya coalition accused their Kenya Kwanza counterparts of being against devolution. Instead of KSh 407 billion as the Senate’s standing committee of budget and finance had recommended, the house approved KSh 385 billion in equitable share to the counties. Senators from Azimio staged a walkout to show their displeasure, but what they did next revealed how transparency in law-making is manipulated for political ends.

On Peter Anyang’ Nyong’o’s Invocation Of Vladimir I. Lenin
In the freak-out following a State House visit by a bunch of ODM MPs the other day, Kisumu County Governor Prof. Peter Anyang Nyong’o implored the ODM leadership on Twitter to remember Vladimir Ilyich Lenin’s rule; “In a revolutionary situation: Better fewer but better.”

Kuna Nuru Gizani? Shakahola and Other Short Stories
It is a Sunday afternoon and the sun is playing

An Election Results Dossier And Old Political Stories
Either politics is Kenya’s chakula cha moyo (soul food) or

Kenyan MPs Can No Longer Hide Behind “the Ayes”
Our thirteenth Parliament has well and truly begun work, and

We Are Debating Everything, Including County Boundaries!
Since the commencement of the 13th Kenyan Parliament, it has been raining constitutional amendment bills. The hangover from the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI) constitutional review (mis)adventure seems not to have dissipated. Parliamentarians, both rookies (trying to make their dramatic legislative debuts) and seasoned (trying to flex to rookies) have swiftly suggested amendments. Not in censure – because this is part of their mandate – the suggestions, whether valid or not, seem not well thought out.

Rasna Warah never seemed afraid
My father loved to retweet Rasna Warah. I think in

Let’s Embrace Maps More. Better Maps
Maps have long been a staple of election reporting. The US Presidential election, for instance, is one of the most mapped anywhere. Be it the presidential election or the midterms, maps help voters everywhere to digest and understand results. Typically, results are reported from precinct to county, to state, and then nationally. Use of more granular maps produces data that better visualises local politics.

Why Do We Vote?
When the Greeks settled on a popular model of choosing their leaders, they believed that the demos would through the Kratia produce acceptable leaders who would exercise their powers responsibly for the benefit and progress of their nation-states.

Ordinary People, Living Ordinary Lives, Embracing Extraordinary Courage
Last week I had breakfast with a colleague. As we exchanged pleasantries waiting for our meal, she mentioned in passing that she’d be attending a public participation meeting that could clash with our next planned meeting. It turns out that she is an active participant in her neighbourhood’s local resident association, and she has been joining forces with others to oppose the runaway illegal construction projects mushrooming in the area.
Pain At Home And Away: The Plight of Kenyan Domestic Workers
In November 2022, Akinyi, a domestic worker from Kariobangi, was

Let’s Throw Less Wet Blankets Over
Kenyans are a skeptical lot (who can blame them, seeing

Do Not Let Rigathi Gachagua Distract You
Despite what Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua says, the Government of Kenya is not a company with shareholding. But rather, the government is a duty bearer exercising public trust according to law, staffed by people appointed and regulated by national law, and financed by the entire public. This is the short answer to Rigathi Gachagua’s jocular transgression against Article 10 of the Constitution.

Donald Trump’s Moi Tendencies
In both his presidencies, especially in his second term in office, US President Donald John Trump has sought to project himself as a strong, tough leader. To him, this means he’s effective and is getting things done for Americans. To me, the strong, tough character he has displayed so far is more in the mould of a dictator. In fact, Trump is reminiscent of Kenya’s second president, Daniel arap Moi, who qualified to be called a dictator. Here’s how.

Mama Ngina Kenyatta Has Spoken. Now What?
There are national subjects that require assemblage of evidence and

Africa Is A (Sad, Dysfunctional) Country
I watched the outcome of the just-concluded Nigeria election in

Electrocuted Into Extinction: A Fast Growing Threat To Birds Of Prey In Kenya
Raptors, the generic name for birds of prey, are hyper-carnivorous

My Name Is Kenya. Like the Country.
My name is Soila Kenya and I have a confession.

The Good, The Daunting and The Unsaid in Presidents’ Pressman
Lee Njiru has written a memoir sprinkled with humour, full

For Financial Sanity, Kenya Should Embrace The R-Word
When times are tough, governments declare they will slash spending and Kenyan ones are no different. Kenyans will remember when Uhuru Kenyatta, as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance…

What’s A Kenyan Life Worth? Of Rogue Drivers and Low Fines
To begin with, considering the number of accidents that occur, causing death by dangerous driving is not a much charged offence. Latest statistics for 2020 show that there were 290 charges brought against 26 female drivers and 264 men. So I expected that courts would be throwing the book at accused persons. But alas, the courts are imposing sentences that cannot be seen to address the carnage on the roads with any measure of seriousness. The lawyers, defending accused persons, have had it so good that a fine of just over KSh 600,000 for killing three and injuring a fourth was in the estimation of one defence counsel so excessive and draconian that he has promised to appeal against both the sentence and the conviction.

Chapter Six Is Under Attack. Does Anyone Care?
In 2016, a near-brawl broke-out in the Kenyan Senate. The respective combatants were Evans Kidero, the then Governor of Nairobi County, and Mike Mbuvi Sonko, his Senator. It is not clear who won the actual fight, but we now know that Nairobians lost because the Auditor General just told us so. You see, during the consecutive gubernatorial administrations of Evans Kidero and Mike Sonko, no-one could explain the whereabouts of KSh 18 billion of collected revenue. For those who think in hard currencies, that is a respectable $12.6 million missing. But Nairobi residents didn’t know this until seven years later when the press finally reported that according to the Auditor General, “billions of shillings collected in Kenya’s capital may have ended in private hands.”

The Fire Next Door: Electoral Justice and the NSAC Allegations
Still remaining uncontroverted are grave allegations in sworn affidavits by

CBC, The Second Coming Of 844 And Other Short Stories
Why does it seem like we have been here before?

War Is Failure Of Football
Football or soccer is a strange sport. Put two teams

Will Kenya Ever Be Good Enough for Kenyans?
As a Kenyan living in Kenya, the last few months have been difficult to say the least. Like many others, I have watched the prices of basic goods and services quickly skyrocket.. It’s become a running joke, but the truth is that KSh 1,000 doesn’t get you much nowadays. To make life bearable under these increasingly strenuous circumstances, I’ve had to cut down my monthly spending on non essentials and started considering price over brand preferences.

An Alliance Love Story
Njonjo Mue takes us back to a magical time when he felt the first flutterings of tender teenage love.

Ahmed Rashid, Mathare’s Merchant Of Death?
Over the last six years, data collected by the Mathare

A Case Against Tampering With Presidential Term Limits
The Constitution of Kenya 2010 provides any Kenyan with the

She never left room for ambiguity in her words
In 2017, during my second year studying International Relations at

Loving Nairobi, Missing London, But Still Loving Nairobi
I was born in one country, spent my early childhood

IEBC And The Cookie Crumbs
Do you remember your parent ever warning you not to

Nelson Mandela: The Myth, The Man, The Legend
This month marks 33 years since Nelson Mandela walked out

Workers Of Kenya Unite… Or Not
As you watched the BBC Africa Eye documentary about the

The One Thing You Should Read About Grace Onyango (1924-2023)
Had Grace Monica Akech Onyango never joined politics, her contribution to society would already have been immense.

Nairobi One Huge Slum? Blame City Hall!
This is the same Nairobi in which public green spaces are grabbed, buildings collapse, residents can’t sleep on a weeknight because bars won’t let them and drainage can’t stand the rainy season. The story revolves around a property on Kilimani’s Kindaruma Road whose construction in April 2022 was not as far advanced as it is today.

When State House Feeds Journalists
President William Ruto gave his first full media interview as

The Case for Reviving Kenya’s Abandoned Transition
“The struggle of people against power is the struggle of

If You Don’t Make Clothes For Us, Gikomba Will, By Way Of IG.
Instagram boutiques have me in a chokehold. I can’t help

Time’s Ripe For An All Inclusive Constitutional Review
A few months from now more than 1.5 million wildebeest will cross the crocodile-infested Mara River into Kenya from Tanzania, in what is recognized as one of the “Seven Wonders of the Natural World.” Many thousands of them will be eaten by the crocodiles and the scavengers who lie in wait.

Holidays Are For Family And Family Is What You Make It
I don’t usually go home for Christmas. By home I

Are Farmers and Rural-folk the Revolutionaries We Need?
This portion of our population has concerns that might be incomprehensible to city dwellers who daily consume the food they produce, and visit them less frequently. To them, it is crazy that the entitled city denizen would have them produce food below cost, to keep prices at their supermarkets low. It is also strange to them how much focus there has been on maandamano of the destructive kind in Nairobi and Kisumu since the date with destiny of 20 March 2023. Were they to be asked, they would echo the cost of living complaint rather than the electoral injustice claims of Azimio La Umoja One Kenya, I think. After all, they too are now buying a 2 kg packet of sifted maize flour at over KSh 205 – ten years ago this would have cost KSh 110.

No More Police Reforms?
Within weeks of President William Ruto taking office, there were

You Can Meet But Not Touch! On The LGBTQ+ Community’s Freedom Of Association
Expectedly, a huge debate emerged from one of the latest

The Slippery Slope In Prosecuting Pastors Ezekiel and Mackenzie
The Malindi doomsday cult is global news and the Kenyan Government is keen to catch up. The Shakahola massacre was revealed not by police detective work but by media stringers and correspondents who doggedly tracked the weird goings-on at the Good News International Ministries ranch of Pastor Mackenzie Nthenge. This year, during a four month period of official oblivion, Mackenzie and some acolytes allegedly killed and secretly buried more than 145 of his church congregation. We are told by the Kenya Red Cross that over 500 other Mackenzie followers are reported missing and believed to lie undiscovered in more of the shallow graves that are scattered across the 800 acre ranch.

Christmas Rest Amidst Election Inquiries
And so, it is set to end. Finally the holidays are here, schools out and Kenyans are headed for a much needed break.

No One in Nairobi Knows Their Height
How tall exactly is 6 ‘0? If I presented 5 people to you, would you be able to pick out the one that is 6 ‘0 accurately?

Go On, Risk It All And Ask Someone Out Properly
I had a conversation with a friend recently. He wanted

Nairobi: Shiny But Impractical
I have lived in and travelled to various cities around

Raila Odinga’s Last Political Will and Testament
Some men are so large that when they die, they leave behind a struggle over reality itself. Men so emotionally lodged in the public imagination, that institutions begin to orbit them.
The death of Raila Amolo Odinga did not just create absence. It created derangement. It created a scramble, a market of grief, appetite, counterfeit fidelity, and improvised legitimacy. He did not just leave behind a party. He left behind a psychological order: a grammar of grievance, a choreography of resistance, and a coalition of memories, injuries, myths, ambitions, and deferred promises that had, for decades, learned to recognise themselves in one commanding figure. His departure produced the chaos that descends when a patriarch departs without leaving instructions for loyalties, quarrels, and promises.

The Beauties and Oddities of the Kenyan Accent
In 2019, I visited a friend who was studying at

Journalism Is Changing, But Stories Are Forever
Over the weekend, I watched The Voice of Hind Rajab, a Palestinian film about five year old Hind, who spent hours on the phone with emergency workers begging them to come rescue her after the car she and her family were traveling in was attacked by the Israeli army. Hind was the sole survivor. Stuck in the car with the bodies of her family members, she stays on the phone with workers from the Palestinian Red Crescent Society begging for help as they try to get permission from Israeli authorities to secure a safe route for ambulance operators to reach her.

There Aren’t Enough Women in Kenyan Newsrooms, and it Shows
When I walked into my first class at Jomo Kenyatta

I Drank Tea In Japan And Felt Zen
One must-do if you ever travel to Japan is signing

Has The President Jumped The Gun On Shakahola?
From the foregoing, it is clear that the investigation into what exactly Mackenzie was up to and what crimes were committed at Shakahola is, at best, at its halfway point. This is further emphasised by the fact that investigators have begun a second phase of exhumations from Shakahola, raising the death toll and further horrifying an already shocked nation.

Can Servers Be Opened Without IEBC Commissioners In Office?
Among the demands that the Azimio la Umoja One Kenya

Multi-Level Marketing Cults Need To Be Called Out Too
Other than the preying strategy pyramid schemes use to recruit people, the reason I see them as cults too is their ability to similarly brainwash their members into believing whatever hogwash they’re spreading. For example, for those selling supplements or other health-based products, it may go haywire fast. They’ll start you out schilling Vitamin D tablets and then in the blink of an eye, they’ll have you convincing your Facebook connects about ‘force fields’ and ‘protection zones’ that can be afforded by adorning a necklace with a pendant stuffed with a powder only they know the ingredients of.

Under Collapsed Buildings, Real People
As often happens, the collapse of a building in Kasarani

Every Move Into A New House Is A Reinvention
I’ve been renting in Nairobi for nine years now, and

Of Nigerian Ogas And The Ogre That Is African Elections
Fela Anikulapo Kuti, one of the most talented and famous

A Case For A Judicial Commission of Inquiry Into 15 August 2022
Clearly, there is an appetite for accountability for the riotous
Time to extricate ourselves from the nightmare of Western imperialism
Even after watching The Matrix, The Adjustment Bureau, The Truman Show, EXistenZ, Ready Player One, and the huge assortment of movies depicting life as a simulation, even after consorting with Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, we have not learned the lesson. The lesson is that life is a dream, a movie, and we get to choose what flavour it will be. We get to write the script.

The BBC’s ‘Sex for Work’: The Story Behind The Story
This was not the story BBC Africa Eye had set

How Uhuru Kenyatta’s Jubilee Almost Vanquished Cattle Rustling
Today’s Jubilee Party is a far cry from its earlier

Paul Biya’s Fart-Fest, Jacinda Ardern’s Resignation, And Knowing When To Go
A recent video clip that went viral was at best

What Are Our Leaders Reading?
What are our leaders reading? Some may read nothing at all, if you see the bare desks and shelves in the offices some parade on Twitter and Instagram.
Many, though, read the softer stuff of motivational literature. I
They Won’t Switch Off The Internet. Because They’re Spying On You
The President of the Kenya Editors’ Guild recently called a press conference to allege that they had received reports of an imminent phone and internet shutdown. Despite providing no evidence or substantiating detail, the allegation was hours later addressed by the President of Kenya, who assured us all that there is no possibility of such a shutdown in this day and age. Breathing a sigh of relief, Kenyans got on with their usual browsing, gambling, gossip and political commentary.

TVET Institutions Must Teach Business
Soon after ringing in the new year, Kenya’s education ministry

“Failed Brakes”, Kenya’s Deadliest Excuse
Kenya’s enforcement of traffic laws tends to be immobile and document-based, particularly around heavy commercial vehicles. The police who enforce traffic rules are stationary, mostly on the side of the road and drivers who pass through these checkpoints can always warn their oncoming colleagues. On the other hand, roaming police cars with cameras that scan number plates and onboard computers connected to insurance and police records would pinpoint offenders in real time and help police stop the right vehicles more often. Such police cars are commonly used in many countries.

Nairobi Should Revisit #WhatIsARoad
Will the day come when Kenya’s urbanites use maps to

Emerging Citizen Agency? The Great Finance Bill Debate
I do not seek to get into the pros and cons of the recently enacted Finance Act by the Kenya Kwanza government, even though it elicits a remark or more. Rather, it is the emotion that the bill – and later on the Act – has aroused across the country that most pricks my curiosity. In my view, there have been fewer times when national discourse has been characterized by great animation like has been the case as regards this piece of legislation (first proposed, then passed, and now challenged in court).

Hustlers, Upper Deck Folks And The Real Children Of David Ndii’s Cruel Marriage.
We are living in strange times. Scrolling through the Twitter

I can only say thank you to her
All you really want, when you get into the messy,

On Issack Hassan’s ‘Referee Of A Dirty Ugly Game’
The book highlights the high-level political negotiations that are undertaken just to decide on who becomes a member of the commission and the top officials of the secretariat. These negotiations take on regional, political, ethnic, and even fraternity associations aspects. One must get the blessings of these associations to even make a cut for consideration. It involves shuttling from one office to another, meeting top political leaders, key door-openers (including brutes) and opinion leaders.